新文道考研
2016-12-03 17:59:07
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主讲人：北京外国语大学***
一、 Listening Comprehension：
Part 1.News report &Lecture
News reports:
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 1and 2 will be based on the following newsitem.
1.A) Christmas-time attacks made by Somali rebels.
B)An explosion at a bus station in central Nairobi.
C)The killing of more than 70Ugandans in Kampala.
D) Blasts setoff by a Somali group in Uganda’s capital.
听力原文： Kenyan police say one person was killed and 26 injured in an explosion at a bus station in central Nairobi.
2.A)OnChristmasEve. C)Duringasecuritycheck. B)Justbeforemidnight. D)Inthesmallhoursofthemorning.
听力原文： Some eyewitnesses report that a bag was about to be loaded on board, but it exploded during a security check.
听力原文：
Kenyan police say one person was killed and 26 injured in an explosion at a bus station in central Nairobi. The blast hit a bus about to set off for the Ugandan capital Kampala. Last July, the Somali group al-Shabab said it was behind the blasts in the Ugandan capital which killed more than 70 people. Will Ross reports from the Kenyan capital.
The explosion happened beside a bus which was about to set off for an overnight journey from Nairobi to the Ugandan capital Kampala. Some eyewitnesses report that a bag was about to be loaded on board, but it exploded during a security check. Windows of the red bus were left smashed, and blood could be seen on the ground beside the vehicle. Just hours earlier, Uganda’s police chief had warned of possible Christmas-time attacks by Somali rebels.
1. What is the news report mainly about?
2. When did the incident occur? Questions 3and 4 will be based on the following newsitem.
3.A) It is likelyto close many ofits stores.
B) It is known forthe quality of its goods. C) It remains competitive in the recession. D) It will expand its online retail business.
听力原文： Many of its 800 stores are likely to close following the company’s decision to call in administrators after an attempt to sell the business for a token ￡1 failed.
4.A) Expand its business beyond groceries. B) Fire25,000of its current employees. C) Cut its DVD publishing business. D) Sell the business forone pound.
听力原文： Many of its 800 stores are likely to close following the company’s decision to call in administrators after an attempt to sell the business for a token ￡1 failed.
听力原文：
Woolworths is one of the best known names on the British High Street. It’s been in business nearly a century. Many of its 800 stores are likely to close following the company’s decision to call in administrators after an attempt to sell the business for a token ￡1 failed.
The company has huge debts. The immediate cause for the collapse has been Britain’s slide toward recession, which has cut into consumer spending. However, the business had been in trouble for years. Known for low-priced general goods, Woolworths has struggled in the face of competition from supermarkets expanding beyond groceries and a new generation of internet retailers. Many of the store group’s 25,000 employees are likely to lose their jobs. Some profitable areas such as the DVD publishing business will survive.
3. What do welearn aboutWoolworths from the news report?
4. What did Woolworths attempt to do recently? Questions 5to 7 will be based on the following news item.
5.A)All taxis began to use meters.
B)All taxis got airconditioning. C)Advertisements wereallowed on taxis. D) Old taxis werereplaced with new cabs.
听力原文： That’s due in part to the removal of many of the capital’s old-fashioned black and white taxis.
6.A)Alowinterestloanscheme. C)Taxipassengers’complaints. B)Environmentalists’protests. D)Permissionforcaradvertising.
听力原文： After new legislation demanded their removal from the roads, a low interest loan scheme was set up with three Egyptian banks so drivers could buy new cars.
7.A)Thereareno more irregularpractices. B)All new cabs provide air-conditioning. C) New cabs are all equipped with meters. D) New legislation protects consumerrights.
听力原文： The idea has proved popular with customers ― they can now travel in air-conditioned comfort and because the new cabs are metered, they don’t have to argue over fares.
听力原文：
Cairo is known for its overcrowded roads, irregular driving practices and shaky old vehicles, but also for its air pollution. In recent months, though, environmental studies indicate there have been signs of improvement. That’s due in part to the removal of many of the capital’s old-fashioned black and white taxis. Most of these dated back to the 1960s and 70s and were in a poor state of repair.
After new legislation demanded their removal from the roads, a low interest loan scheme was set up with three Egyptian banks so drivers could buy new cars. The government pays about $900 for old ones to be discarded and advertising on the new vehicles helps cover repayments.
The idea has proved popular with customers ― they can now travel in air-conditioned comfort and because the new cabs are metered, they don’t have to argue over fares. Banks and car manufacturers are glad for the extra business in tough economic times. As for the taxi drivers, most are delighted to be behind the wheel of new cars, although there have been a few complaints about switching from black and white to a plain white colour.
5. What change took place in Cairo recently?
6. What helped bring about the change?
7. Why do customers no longer argue with new cab drivers?
参考答案： 1. B 2. C 3.A4.D 5.D 6.A7. C
Lecture：
Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear recordings of lectures ortalks followed by some questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices markedA), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Now listen to the following recording and answerquestions 16 to 19.
16.A)They investigate the retirement homes inAmerica.
B)They areon issues facing seniorcitizens inAmerica.
C)Theydescribe the great pleasuresof the golden years.
D)They are filled with fond memories of his grandparents.
听力原文： Hello Ladies and Gentleman, it gives me great pleasure to introduce our keynote speaker for today’s session, Dr. Howard Miller. Dr. Miller, Professor of Sociology at Washington University, has written numerous articles and books on the issues facing older Americans in our graying society for the past 15 years. Dr. Miller:
17.A)The loss of the ability to take careof himself. B)The feeling of not being important any more. C) Being unable to find agood retirement home. D) Leaving the home he had lived in for60years.
听力原文： My grandfather spoke of his greatest fear, that of leaving the only home they had known for the past 60 years.
18.A)The loss of identityand self-worth. B) Fearof being replaced ordiscarded. C) Freedomfrompressure and worldly cares. D)The possession of wealth and high respect.
听力原文： For them and some older Americans, their so-called “golden years” are at times not so pleasant, for this period can mean the decline of not only one’s health but the loss of identity and self-worth.
19.A)The urgency of pension reform. B) Medical careforseniorcitizens. C) Finding meaningful rolesforthe elderly in society. D)The development of public facilities forseniorcitizens.
听力原文： Now, many of the lectures given at this conference have focused on the issues of pension reform, medical care, and the development of public facilities for senior citizens. And while these are vital issues that must be addressed, I’d like to focus my comments on an important issue that will affect the overall success of the other programs mentioned. This has to do with changing our perspectives on what it means to be a part of this group, and finding meaningful roles the elderly can play and should play in our societies.
Now listen to the following recording and answerquestions 16 to 19.
Moderator:
Hello Ladies and Gentleman, it gives me great pleasure to introduce our keynote speaker for today’s session, Dr. Howard Miller. Dr. Miller, Professor of Sociology at Washington University, has written numerous articles and books on the issues facing older Americans in our graying society for the past 15 years. Dr. Miller:
Dr. Miller:
Thank you for that introduction. Today, I’d like to preface my remarks with a story from my own life which I feel highlights the common concerns that bring us here together. Several years ago when my grandparents were well into their eighties, they were faced with the reality of no longer being able to adequately care for themselves. My grandfather spoke of his greatest fear, that of leaving the only home they had known for the past 60 years. Fighting back the tears, he spoke proudly of the fact that he had built their home from the ground up, and that he had pounded every nail and laid every brick in the process. The prospect of having to sell their home and give up their independence, and move into a retirement home was an extremely painful experience for them. It was, in my grandfather’s own words, like having a limb cut off. He exclaimed in a forceful manner that he felt he wasn’t important anymore.
For them and some older Americans, their so-called “golden years” are at times not so pleasant, for this period can mean the decline of not only one’s health but the loss of identity and self-worth. In many societies, this self-identity is closely related with our social status, occupation, material possessions, or independence. Furthermore, we often live in societies that value what is “new” or in fashion, and our own usage of words in the English language is often a sign of bad news for older Americans. I mean how would your family react if you came home tonight exclaiming, “Hey, come to the living room and see the OLD black and white TV I brought!” Unfortunately, the word “old” calls to mind images of the need to replace or discard.
Now, many of the lectures given at this conference have focused on the issues of pension reform, medical care, and the development of public facilities for senior citizens. And while these are vital issues that must be addressed, I’d like to focus my comments on an important issue that will affect the overall success of the other programs mentioned. This has to do with changing our perspectives on what it means to be a part of this group, and finding meaningful roles the elderly can play and should play in our societies.
First of all, I’d like to talk about . . .
16. What does the introduction say about Dr. Howard Miller’s articles and books?
17. What is the greatest fear of Dr. Miller’s grandfather?
18. What does Dr. Miller say the “golden years” can often mean?
19. What is the focus of Dr. Miller’s speech?
Now listen to the following recording and answerquestions 20 to 22.
20.A) It seriously impacts theirphysical and mental development.
B) It has become a problem affecting global economic growth.
C) It is a common problem found in underdeveloped countries.
D) It is an issue often overlooked by parents in many countries.
听力原文： It notes that, in recent years, experts have come to the conclusion that undernourishment between conception and a child’s second birthday can have serious and long-lasting impacts.
21.A)Theywilllivelonger. C)Theygetalongwellwithpeople. B)Theygetbetterpay. D)TheydevelopmuchhigherIQs.
听力原文： And then at adulthood, IFPRI has actually demonstrated that children who were better nourished have higher wages, by a pretty large margin, by 46 percent.”
22.A)Appropriated funds to promote research of nutrient-rich foods. B) Encouraged breastfeedingforthe firstsix months ofa child’slife. C) Recruited volunteers to teachrural people about health and nutrition. D)Targetedhunger-relief programs at pregnant women and young children.
听力原文： Ruel says in the 1980s Thailand was able to reduce child undernourishment by recruiting a large number of volunteers to travel the countryside teaching about health and nutrition.
Now listen to the following recording and answerquestions 20 to 22.
The 2010 Global Hunger Index report was released today by the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). It notes that, in recent years, experts have come to the conclusion that undernourishment between conception and a child’s second birthday can have serious and long-lasting impacts.
Undernourishment during this approximately 1,000-day window can seriously check the growth and development of children and render them more likely to get sick and die than well-fed children. Preventing hunger allows children to develop both physically and mentally.
Says IFPRI’s Marie Ruel, “They will be more likely to perform well in school. They will stay in school longer. And then at adulthood, IFPRI has actually demonstrated that children who were better nourished have higher wages, by a pretty large margin, by 46 percent.”
Ruel says that means the productivity of a nation’s future generations depends in a large part on the first 1,000 days of life.
“This is why we’re all on board in focusing on those thousand days to improve nutrition. After that, the damage is done and is highly irreversible.”
The data on nutrition and childhood development has been slowly coming together for decades. But Ruel says scientific consensus alone will not solve the problem.
“It’s not enough that nutritionists know you have to intervene then, if we don’t have the politicians on board, and also the...people that implement [programs] in the field.”
Ruel says there are encouraging signs that politicians and implementers are beginning to get on board. Many major donors and the United Nations are targeting hunger-relief programs at pregnant women and young children. They focus on improving diets or providing micro-food supplements. They improve access to pre-birth care and encourage exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of a child’s life.
Ruel says in the 1980s Thailand was able to reduce child undernourishment by recruiting a large number of volunteers to travel the countryside teaching about health and nutrition.
“They really did very active promotion of diversity in the diet and good eating habits. So they were providing more food to people, but also educating people on how to use them, and also educating people on how to feed their young children.”
Ruel says countries may take different approaches to reducing child undernutrition. But she says nations will not make progress fighting hunger and poverty until they begin to focus on those critical first thousand days.
20. What is the experts’conclusionregarding children’s undernourishment in their earliest daysof life?
21. What does IFPRI’s Marie Ruel say about well-fed children in their adult life?
22. What did Thailand do to reduce child undernourishment in the 1980s?
Now listen to the following recording and answerquestions 23 to 25.
23.A)The guaranteed quality of its goods.
B)The huge volume of its annual sales.
C)The serviceit provides to its customers.
D)The high value-to-weight ratioof its goods.
听力原文： I’d like to look at a vital aspect of e-commerce, and that is the nature of the product or service.
24.A)Those having ataste orsmell component. B) Products potentially embarrassing to buy. C)Those that require verycareful handling. D) Services involving apersonal element.
听力原文： Products which are usually considered unsuitable for selling online include those that have a taste or smell component.
25.A)Those who live in the virtual world. B)Those who have to work long hours. C)Those who are used to online transactions.
D)Those who don’t mind paying a little more.听力原文 : Typical users of online supermarkets include the elderly, people who work long hours and those without their own transport. Now listen to the following recording and answerquestions 23 to 25.
I’d like to look at a vital aspect of e-commerce, and that is the nature of the product or service. There are certain products and services that are very suitable for selling online, and others that simply don’t work.
Suitable products generally have a high value-to-weight ratio. Items such as CDs and DVDs are obvious examples. Books, although heavier and so more expensive to post, still have a high enough value-to-weight ratio, as the success of Amazon, which started off selling only books, shows. Laptop computers are another good product for selling online.
Digital products, such as software, films and music, can be sold in a purely virtual environment. The goods are paid for by online transactions, and then downloaded onto the buyer’s computer. There are no postage or delivery costs, so prices can be kept low.
Many successful virtual companies provide digital services, such as financial transactions, in the case of Paypal, or means of communication, as Skype does. The key to success here is providing an easy-to-use, reliable service. Do this and you can easily become the market leader, as Skype has proved.
Products which are potentially embarrassing to buy also do well in the virtual environment. Some of the most profitable e-commerce companies are those selling sex-related products or services. For a similar reason, online gambling is highly popular.
Products which are usually considered unsuitable for selling online include those that have a taste or smell component. Food, especially fresh food, falls into this category, along with perfume. Clothes and other items that need to be tried on such as diamond rings and gold necklaces are generally not suited to virtual retailing, and, of course, items with a low value-to-weight ratio.
There are exceptions, though. Online grocery shopping has really taken off, with most major supermarkets offering the service. The inconvenience of not being able to see the food you are buying is outweighed by the time saved and convenience of having the goods delivered. Typical users of online supermarkets include the elderly, people who work long hours and those without their own transport.
23 What is important to the success of an online store?
24. What products are unsuitable for selling online?
25. Who are more likely to buy groceries online?
参考答案： 16.B17. D 18.A19. C20.A21.B 22.C23.D 24.A25. B
M: Hi, Ann, welcome back. How’s your trip to the states?
W: Very busy, [19]I had a lot of meetings. …
19. Why did the woman go to New York?
二、留意对话中的一问一答【预览选项】
[A]Datacollection. [B]Trainingconsultancy.
[C]Corporatemanagement. [D]Informationprocessing.
【边听边选】
W: What’s your line of business, Mr. Johnson?
6 M: We are a training consultancy.
25. What is the man’s line of business?
Part 3. Passages
【预览选项】
29.A)Michael’sparentsgotdivorced. B)KarenwasadoptedbyRayAnderson. C)Karen’smotherdiedinacaraccident. D)Atruckdriverlosthislifeinacollision.
【边听边选】
The impact of the collision killed Karen’s mother instantly, but she was left trapped in the burning car.
【预览选项】
A)Atalocalclub. C)Atthesportscenter B)AtJoe’shouse. D)Atthebearingschool.
【边听边选】
Joe is a day student, but I am a boarding student. We haven’t been in same classes, sports or extra-curricular activities. Nonetheless, I spend nearly every weekend at his house and we talk on the phone every night.
【预览选项】
A) Kevin is nine years old B) Kevin is handsome C) Kevin is single D) Kevin is lack of efficiency
二. Writing：内容;结构;语言;内容预测：结构学习：两种形式的文章：图画作文和提纲作文两种结构的文章：正反观点对立型和社会热点型文章;图画作文 :
第一段：
第一句：简单描述图画; As is shown above，中心人物 +动作 .第二句：图画造成影响;
There has been a heated discussion about this picture on the WeChat, the most influential social media in China.
第三句：指出图画寓意;
1. The picture shows usthat….
2. Simple andfunny as this picture is, thesymbolic meaningbehindit is as deepas ocean.
第二段：
第一种写法：第一句：介绍主题背景
1.Recently the issue of (whether …or not) has beenin the limelight(成为引人注目的中心) and has aroused
wide concernin the public.近来， _______的问题已经非常明确而且引起了社会的广泛关注。 2.Alongwiththeadvanceofthesocietymoreandmoreproblemsarebroughttoourattention,oneofwhichis....随着社会的不断发展，出现了越来越多的问题，其中之一便是 ____________。
3. Recently,theissue of ...... has beenbrought into publicfocus.近来， _______的问题引起了社会的广泛关注。第二句：分析利弊
On the onehand,… On the other hand … 7
第二种写法：第一句：介绍各方观点
1. There is no consensus of opinions among people as to … some people tend to have a favorable attitude toward…While, others have anunpleasant associationwith…
2. Most of us，however，have formed a different picture of…some people think they are beneficial, while others holdthe opposite view.
第二句：进一步介绍
1.And we rarely reach anabsolute consensuson such a controversial issue.
对于这种极具争议的话题，我们很难作出绝对的回答。
2. People from different backgroundswould put different interpretations on thesame case.
不同行业的人对同一种问题的解释不尽相同。
harborthe idea that, take the attitude that, hold theview that,认为
第三段：
给出自己看法：
1. Perhaps thereis anelement of truth in boththese pictures. 2.As far as I amconcerned, I am inclinedto be onthe side of theformer view.
在我看来，我较同意前一种观点。
3.After a thorough consideration,for mypart, I am in favor ofthe former view.
经过深思熟虑，我较支持前一种看法再次提醒关注公共微信号：***考研英语 kkenglish关注每日一句;四. Reading in depth Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the correspondingletter onAnswer Sheet 2.
Universities Branch Out
A) As never before in their long history, universities have become instruments of national competition as well as instruments of peace. They are the place of the scientific discoveries that move economies forward, and the primary means of educating the talent required to obtain and maintain competitive advantage. But at the same time, the opening of national borders to the flow of goods, services, information and especially people has made universities a powerful forcefor global integration, mutual understandingandgeopolitical stability.
B) In response to the same forces that have driven the world economy, universities have become more self-consciously global: seeking students from around the world who represent the entire range of cultures and values, sending their own students abroad to prepare them for global careers, offering courses of study that address the challenges of an interconnected world and collaborative (合作的 ) research programs to advance science forthe benefit of all humanity.
C) Of the forces shaping higher education none is more sweeping than the movement across borders. Over the past three decades the number of students leaving home each year to study abroad has grown at an annual rate of 3.9 percent, from 800,000 in 1975 to 2.5 million in 2004. Most travel from one developed nation to another, but the flow from developing to developed countries is growing rapidly. The reverse flow, from developed to developing countries, is on the rise, too. Today foreign students earn 30 percent of the doctoral degrees awarded in the United States and 38 percent of those in the United Kingdom. And the number crossing borders for undergraduate study is growing as well, to 8 percent of the undergraduates at America’s best institutions and 10 percent of all undergraduates in the U.K. In the United States, 20 percent of the newly hired professors in science and engineering are foreign-born, and in China many newly hired faculty members at the top research universities received their graduate education abroad.
D) Universities are also encouraging students to spend some of their undergraduate years in another country. In Europe, more than 140,000 students participate in the Erasmus program each year, taking courses for credit in one of 2,200 participating institutions across the continent. And in the United States, institutions are helping place students in summer internships (实习 ) abroad to prepare them for global careers. Yale and Harvard have led the way, offering every undergraduate at least one international study or internship opportunity—and providing the financial resourcesto make it possible.
E) Globalization is also reshaping the way research is done. One new trend involves sourcing portions of a research program to another country. Yale professor and Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator Tian Xu directs a research center focused on the genetics of human disease at Shanghai’s Fudan University, in collaboration with faculty colleagues from both schools. The Shanghai center has 95 employees and graduate students working in a 4,300-square-meter laboratory facility. Yale faculty, postdoctors and graduate students visit regularly and attend videoconference seminars with scientists from both campuses. The arrangement benefits both countries; Xu’s Yale lab is more productive, thanks to the lower costs of conducting research in China, and Chinese graduate students, postdoctors and faculty get on-the-job training from a world-class scientist and his U.S. team.
F) As a result of its strength in science, the United States has consistently led the world in the commercialization of major new technologies, from the mainframe computer and the integrated circuit of the 1960s to the Internet infrastructure (基础设施 ) and applications software of the 1990s. The link between university-based science and industrial application is often indirect but sometimes highly visible: Silicon Valley was intentionally created by Stanford University, and Route 128 outside Boston has long housed companies spun off from MIT and Harvard.Around the world, governments have encouraged copying of this model, perhaps most successfully in Cambridge, England, where Microsoft and scores of other leading software and biotechnology companies have set upshop around the university.
G) For all its success, the United States remains deeply hesitant about sustaining the research-university model. Most politicians recognize the link between investment in science and national economic strength, but support for research funding has been unsteady. The budget of the National Institutes of Health doubled between 1998 and 2003, but has risen more slowly than inflation since then. Support for the physical sciences and engineering barely kept pace with inflation during that same period. The attempt to make up lost ground is welcome, but the nation would be better served by steady, predictable increases in science funding at the rate of long-term GDPgrowth, whichis on the orderof inflation plus 3 percent per year.
H) American politicians have great difficulty recognizing that admitting more foreign students can greatly promote the national interest by increasing international understanding. Adjusted for inflation, public funding for international exchanges and foreign-language study is well below the levels of 40 years ago. In the wake of September 11, changes in the visa process caused a dramatic decline in the number of foreign students seeking admission to U.S. universities, and a corresponding surge in enrollments in Australia, Singapore and the U.K. Objections from American university and business leaders led to improvements in the process and a reversal of the decline,but the United States is still seen bymany as unwelcoming to international students.
I) Most Americans recognize that universities contribute to the nation’s well-being through their scientific research, but many fear that foreign students threaten American competitiveness by taking their knowledge and skills back home. They fail to grasp that welcoming foreign students to the United States has two important positive effects: first, the very best of them stay in the States and—like immigrants throughout history—strengthen the nation; and second, foreign students who study in the United States become ambassadors for many of its most cherished (珍视 ) values when they return home. Or at least they understand them better. In America as elsewhere, few instruments of foreign policy are as effective in promoting peace and stability as welcoming international university students.
注意 :此部分试题请在答题卡 2上作答。
46. American universities prepare their undergraduates for global careers by giving them chances for international study orinternship.
47. Since the mid-1970s,the enrollment of overseas students hasincreased at anannual rate of 3.9percent.
48. The enrollment of international students will have a positive impact on America rather than threaten its competitiveness.
49. The wayresearch is carried out in universities haschanged asa result of globalization.
50. Of the newly hired professors in science and engineering in the United States, twenty percent come from foreign countries.
51. The number of foreign students applying to U.S. universities decreased sharply after September 11 due to changes in the visa process.
52. The U.S. federal funding for research has beenunsteady for years.
53. Around the world, governments encourage the model of linking university-based science and industrial application.
54. Present-day universities have become apowerful force for global integration.
55. When foreign students leaveAmerica, they will bringAmerican values backto their home countries.
解题要诀：主题;定位;句子理解;
主题的强大：
Eg1.主题句：
We sometimes think humans are uniquely vulnerable to anxiety, but stress seems to affect the immune defensesof lower animals too.
One of the most startling examples of how the mind can alter the immune response was discovered by chance.
题目： 1. The passage tells us that the most probable reason for the death of the mice in Ader’s experiment was that ________.
A) theyhad been weakened psychologically by the saccharin
B) thesweetener was poisonous to them
C) their immunesystems hadbeenaltered bythe mind
D) theyhad taken toomuch sweetenerduringearlier conditioning
2. It canbe concludedfrom the passage that the immune systems of animals ________. A)canbeweakenedbymind B)canbesuppressedbydruginjections C) canbe affectedby frequentdosesof saccharin D) canbe altered byelectric shocks Eg2.主题词： weakdollar
52. Why doAmericans feel humiliated?
A.Their economy is plunging
B.Their currencyhas slumped
C.They can't afford trips to Europe
D. They have lost half of their assets. 53.How doesthe currentdollar affect thelife of ordinaryAmericans?
A.They have to cancel their vacations in NewYork.
B.They findit unaffordableto dine in mom-and-pop restaurants.
C.They have to spendmore money when buying imported goods.
D.They might losetheir jobsdue to potential economic problems. 10
54. Howdo many Europeansfeel about the U.S with the devalued dollar?
A.They feelcontemptuous of it.
B.They aresympathetic with it.
C.They regard it asa superpoweronthe decline.
D.They thinkof it asa good tourist destination.
55. whatis the author's advice toAmericans?
A.They treat the dollar with a little respect
B.They try to win in the weak-dollar gamble
C.They vacation at home rather than abroad
D.They treasuretheir marriages all themore特别提示：对于句子结构的把握，找出句子主干主谓隔离：句子开头的第一个独立名词(前面没有关联词和介词)，为句子主语应该和其匹配的动词在一起。
1.But for many, the fact that poor people are able to support themselves almost as well without government aid as theydid with it is in itself ahuge victory.
2. The fact that artisans, who were looked on as mechanics or skilled workers in the eighteenth century, are
frequently considered artists today is directly attributable to the Arts and Crafts Movement of the nineteenth century.
长难句更多解析参见***老师编著《考研英语长难句解密》
更多时文可参见***老师编著《考研英语阅读同源外刊时文精析》
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Part IV Translation (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.Youshould write your answer onAnswer Sheet 2.
剪纸 (paper cutting)是中国最为流行的传统民间艺术形式之一。中国剪纸有一千五百多年的历史 ,在明朝和清朝时期 (the Ming and Qing Dynasties)特别流行。人们常用剪纸美化居家环境。特别是在春节和婚庆期间 ,剪纸被用来装饰门窗和房间 ,以增加喜庆的气氛。剪纸最常用的颜色是红色 ,象征健康和兴旺。中国剪纸在世界各地很受欢迎 ,经常被用作馈赠外国友人的礼物。
Part IVTranslation
Paper cutting is one of China’s most popular traditional folk arts. Chinese paper cutting has a history of more than 1,500 years. It was widespread particularly during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. People often beautify their homes with paper cuttings. During the Spring Festival and wedding celebrations, in particular, paper cuttings are used to decorate doors, windows and rooms in order to enhance the joyous atmosphere. The color most frequently used in paper cutting is red, which symbolizes health and prosperity. Chinese paper cutting is very popular around the world andit is oftengiven as a present to foreign friends.
2016年 12月翻译中一定会用到的表达：
1. Sth gradually developeda style which featured …某物形成了以 …为特色的风格; 2.Sth canbeclassified into several categories:…
某物可以被分为以下几类;
3.Industrious Chinese laboring people
勤劳的中国人民
4.China hasmade great headwayin narrowing thegap among different social classes.
中国在缩小不同社会阶层间的差距方面也在努力。
5.The core of “harmonious society” is“human-centered,” which means the improvement of people’s livelihood.
和谐社会的核心是以人为本，这就意味着要促民生。
6. We not only aspire to build China into a prosperous, strong and modern socialist country, but also into a democratic, culturally advancedandharmonious one.
我们不只是希望把中国建设为现代，繁荣和富强的社会主义国家，而且使中国成为文化先进的，民主的和和谐的国家。
7. During the long course of history, the Chinese people have, working with diligence, bravery and wisdom, created abeautiful homeland where all ethnic groups live in harmony,anddeveloped agreat anddynamic culture
在漫长的历史进程中，中国人民依靠自己的勤劳、勇敢、智慧，开创了民族和睦共处的美好家园，培育了历久弥新的优秀文化。
8. Chinese nationhasmade anindelible contributionto the progress of human civilization.
中华民族为人类的文明进步作出了不可磨灭的贡献。
9. sth hasbecome one ofthe most popular … …成为了最受欢迎的 …之一 Sth hasbeenregardedasoneof … …被认为是 …之一
10. Wecan see…, enjoy…and learn of the legend andanecdotes about…我们能看到 …享受到 …而且了解到关于 …的传奇和轶事。
11. sth is acombination of …,dating backto…某物是 …的结合，其起源可以追溯到 …
12. There are some branches of sth ,of whichAis oneofthe most famous. Sth有好些分支，其中 A是最有名的。
13. Sth， with a history of… years and a number of …branches/ styles , is an important part of Chinese
traditional culture. …已有 ..年的历史，有好多分支 /风格，是中国传统文化的重要组成部分。
14. High speed railroad is introduced in 2004. With the generous funding from the government, it is rapidly
expanding. 2004年，高铁被引入;政府大力支持，发展很快。
15. sth is familiar to everyone, about which however people’s opinions differ.大家都很熟悉 …,但是对于 …仁者见仁。
16. Honor the aged of other family as we honor our own; Care for the children of other family as we care for our own.
老吾老以及人之老，幼吾幼以及人之幼。
17. Respecting the aged and loving the young，a the traditional Chinese virtue, has been regarded as the social responsibility andbehavior normfor thousands years.
千百年来，尊老爱幼这一中华民族的传统美德，被当做是社会责任和行为规范。
Filial Piety,a Chinesetraditional virtue, is central to Confucianrole ethics.
孝道是中国的传统美德，被认为是儒家角色伦理的核心。
18. Learningwithout thinking leads to confusion; thinkingwithout learningendsin danger.
学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。
19. Chinese characters evolve from pictures andsigns. The style of the calligrapherssymbolize their age.
汉字由图画和符号演变而来。书法家的风格代表了他们的时代。
20. China is thebirthplace of ...中国是 …的故乡名人，民族，食物，名胜，节日，中医，戏剧，书法，美德
附录： 2016年 12月四六级作文中一定能用到的句子：
1.生活时间角度
( 1) We have been always considering sth (recreational activities) as something to relax ourselves or something that can add color to the dull routineof everyday life.
我们一直认为娱乐活动可以让我们放松，可以为我们每天枯燥的生活增添一些色彩。
(2)Sthwillmakeourlifemoreenjoyable,thatistosay,sthcanaddcolortothedullroutineofeverydaylife. Sth可以使我们的生活更加有乐趣，也就是说， sth为我们每天枯燥的生活增添了一些色彩。
(3)For the majority of people, (reading or learning a new skill)/(reading news from the weibo or learning moments of their friends on the Wechat) has become the focus of their lives and the source of their happiness and contentment in this modernsociety.
对大多数人来讲， (阅读或学习一项新技术 )(从微信里面了解朋友圈动态 )已成为他们生活的中心和快乐的来源
(4)Furthermore, students visiting their own home frequently would have more accesses and opportunities to communicate with their parents, whichhave beneficial impact ondevelopment of their personal character.
而且，学生常回家有更多机会和父母交流，这对他们个性的培养是有利的。
(5)Sth, byoccupying spare time so constructively,makes a personcontented, with no time for boredom. Sth很有建设意义地占据了人们的空余时间，使得人们很满足，进而没有时间来觉得无聊。
( 6) Sth does not occupy students’ too much time. In fact, it is unhealthy for them to spend all of time ontheir study.As an oldsaying goes:All work andnoplay makes Jack adull boy.
Sth不会占据学生太多的时间 .实际上让他们把所有的时间都花在学习上也是不健康的，就如一句俗话所说：劳逸结合。
( 7) What’ s more, online shopping can save us a great deal of time on the way between home and the department stores, sowe would be able to concentrate more time andenergy on ourmeaningful work.
而且，在线购物能节省大量往返于家的商店路上的时间，这会使我们有更多的时间和精力放在有意义的工作上。
2.知识经验角度
(1)Little by little, our knowledge will be wellenriched,andour horizons will begreatly broadened.逐渐的，我们的知识会得到增加，我们的视野将会大大的拓宽。
(2)For people who want to adopt a healthy and meaningful life style, it is important to find time to learn certain new knowledge. Just as an oldsaying goes: it is never too late to learn.
对于那些想过上健康而有意义的生活的人们来说，找时间学习一些新知识是很重要的，正如那句老话：活到老，学到老
(3)The majority of students believe that part-time job will provide them with more opportunities to develop their interpersonalskills, whichmay put themin a favorable position in the future jobmarkets.
大部分学生相信业余工作会使他们有更多机会发展人际交往能力，而这对他们未来找工作是非常有好处的。
(4)Additional educational activities enjoy obvious advantage. By extra studies, many maintain, youngsters are able to obtain many kinds of practical skills and useful knowledge, which will put them in a beneficial position in the future jobmarkets.
额外的教育活动有许多优点，通过学习，年轻人可以获得很多实践技能和有用的知识，这些对他们就业是大有好处的。
( 5) By taking a major-related part-job, students can not only improve their academic studies, but gain much experience,experience they will never beable to get fromthe textbooks.
通过做一份和专业相关的工作，学生不仅能够提高他们的专业能力，而且能获得从课本上得不到的经验。
( 6) Now people in growing numbers are beginning to believe that learning new skills and knowledge contributes directly to enhancingtheir jobopportunities or promotion opportunities.
现在越来越多的人开始相信学习新的技术和知识能直接帮助他们获得工作就会或提升的机会。
( 7) In the first place, extra studies bring about unhealthy impacts on physical growth of children.
Educational experts point out that, it is equally important to take some sport activities instead of extra studies when childrenhave spent the wholeday ina boring classroom.
首先，额外的学习对孩子们的身体发育是不利的。教育专家指出，孩子们在枯燥的教室里呆了一整天后，从事一些体育活动，而不是额外的学习，是非常重要的。
3.环境健康角度
(1)Now people in growing numbers are beginning to believe that some certain sports contribute directly to our health bygiving us some physical exercises.
现在越来越多的人开始相信体育锻炼能有助于身体健康。
( 2)As a matter of fact, travel has become part of our life. This situation is encouraging, for it not only broadens people's minds to the extend which may not be reached previously, but also relaxes them physically, which helppeople conquermental problems more actively.
实际上，旅行已经成为我们生活的一个部分，这样的情形是喜人的，因为旅行不仅可以拓宽人们的视野达到之前没有达到的范围，而且还可以在身体上得到放松，这能使人们更加积极的克服心理问题。
(3)Pollution posesa great threat to ourexistence.污染对我们的生存造成巨大威胁。
Some of the…are poisonous anddangerous to health.
( 4) Environmental experts point out that increasing pollution not only causes serious problems such as global warming but also could directlythreaten the quality of ourlives.
环境学家指出：持续增加的污染不仅会导致像全球变暖这样严重的问题，而且还将威胁到我们的生活质量。
(5)…Underconsiderablepressure from… therefore…will only add to their burden.在这样的压力之下，所以会增加他们的负担。
(6)I see three kinds of pressure working on people today: pressure from education, family and career. It is easy to blame the school for charging too much money, the family members for the heavy burden, the society for the fierce competition. I think people should relax. It is important for them to keep a good mood under whatever circumstances.
我能看到今天人们身上的三种压力，教育的压力，家庭和职业的压力。学校所收学费太贵，家庭成员负担过重，来自社会的激烈竞争。我认为人们应该放松，他们来说，在任何环境下保持一个好的情绪是很重要的。
(7)Moreover, children will have less time to play and communicate with their peers due to extra studies, consequently, it is difficult to develop and cultivate their character and interpersonal skills. They may become more solitary and even sufferfrom certain mental illness.
而且，由于要额外地学习，孩子们没有多少时间和同龄的孩子玩耍和交流，很难培养他们的个性和交际能力。他们可能变得孤僻甚至产生某些心理疾病。
4.合作角度
( 1) sth can give students team-spirit and teach them how to cooperate with others. Because in those activities, studentsusually needto cooperate with othersin order to get good achievement.
Sth可以赋予学生们团队精神，并教会他们学会与人合作。因为在这些活动中，学生通常需要相互合作目的是得到提高。
5.科技发展环境角度
(1)In the last decades, advances in medical technology have made it possible for people to live longer and healthier than inthe past.
在过去的几十年，先进的医疗技术已经使得人们比过去活的时间更长成为可能。
(2)Admittedly, this limit has made it possible for the public to realize the importance of environmental protection andenablewe Chinese peopleto cherish thebeautyof our communities.
可以承认，这一限制已经使得公众认识到环境保护的重要性，并且使得我们中国人去珍惜我们美丽的社区。
(3)Although many people claim that, along with the rapid economic development, the number of people who use bicycle is decreasing and bicycle is bound to die out. The information I’ve collected over the recent years leads me tobelieve that bicycle will continueto playextremely importantroles in modernsociety.
虽然很多人承认，随着经济的快速发展，使用自行车的人数正在下降，自行车一定会消失。根据我最近几年所收集到的信息使我相信自行车会在现代社会中扮演一个非常重要的角色。
6.成长成功
(1)Most people are under the illusion that a college degree guarantees success. There is no such guarantee without hardwork.
许多人错误地认为大学学位能保证成功。不努力工作就没有这样的保证。
( 2)While the inclination to procrastinate is common, one must fully consider the detrimental impact of unnecessary delays.
虽然拖延的倾向是普遍的，但是人们应该充分考虑到不必要的延误造成的有害影响。
(3)The tendency to take things for granted is understandable, butthe need for one to rationally evaluate the circumstances of anysituation is absolutely essential.
想当然的倾向是可以理解的，但是，理智地估计任何情形的情况是完全必需的。
(4)From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw a conclusion that, although the parents' desire to lookafter children bythemselves is understandable, its disadvantages far outweigh the advantages.
通过以上讨论，我们可以得出如下结论：尽管家长想亲自照看孩子的愿望是可以理解的，但是这样做的缺点远大于优点。
(5) From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that, although extra studies indeed enjoy many obvious advantages, its disadvantages shouldn't be ignored and far outweigh its advantages. It is absurd to force childrento take extra studies after school.
通过以上讨论，我们可以得出结论：尽管额外学习的确有很多优点，但它的缺点不可忽视，且远大于它的优点。因此，放学后强迫孩子额外学习是不明智的。(结论句式)
(6)While achieving success is easier said than done, perseverance does in fact pay off. One of the most important traits of a successful person is self-confidence,another is desire, andstill anotheris determination.
获得成功说起来比做起来容易，然而坚持不懈确实会有好结果。成功人士的最重要的特征之一是自信，第二是渴望，还有一个是决心。
(7)Independence offersmany advantages, thefirst and foremost ofwhich is self-determination.独立带来很多好处，首先也是最重要的是自决
( 8) There has been undesirable trend in recent years towards the worship of money . A recent survey showed that X percent of respondents ranked getting rich as their top priority , compared to X percent only a few years ago .Why dopeoplefail to realize that wealth does notnecessarily bringhappiness?
近年来出现了对社会有害的拜金主义倾向。最近的一项调查表明， X%的调查对象把致富作为他们的首选，相比之下，就在几年前，只有 X%的人这样想。为什么人们没能意识到财富不一定带来幸福呢 ?
( 9) Most people are of the opinion that wealth provides solutions to all problems. But in spite of the material benefits wealth provides , I believe one should abandon the pursuit of materialism and instead concentrate on thepursuit of happiness.
大多数人认为财富为所有问题提供解决的办法。但是，我认为，尽管财富提供物质上的利益，一个人应该放弃物质至上的追求，而是集中精力追求幸福。
7.社会宏观
( 1) We needs to reexamine the results of technology development in order to ascertain the benefits and indeed(表示加强含义) the detrimental aspects from a new perspective. Otherwise, various perceived accomplishments might infact prove to befar from beneficial .
我们需要重新检查科技发展带来的结果以便从新的角度明确它们的好处，甚至是有害的方面。否则，许多我们以为取得的成就实际上可能完全不会带来好处。
(2)We must avoid overindulgence and conspicuous consumption . We must instead continue to recognize the benefits of thrift inorder to protectour newfoundprosperity.
我们必须避免过分放纵和铺张浪费。相反，我们应该继续发扬节俭的优点以守护我们新获得的繁荣。
(3)Many of the explanations offered thus far are at least to a certain extent valid, butnone fully address the problem andthe issue must be examined in a wider context.
目前提供的许多解释至少在一定程度上是正确的，但是，没有一个解释能完全处理问题，这件事情必须放在更广阔的背景中考虑。
( 4) There is little doubt that immediate action is required to eliminate the detrimental aspects of environmental pollutiononce andforever.
毫无疑问，必须立即采取行动彻底消除环境污染的危害
(5)Some months ago , a friend of mine was killed in a tragic automobile accident involving a drunkdriver . The incident was far from rare , andwas in fact typical of thousands of casesinvolving drunkdriving
几个月前，我的一个朋友死于一场与酒后驾车有关的悲惨车祸。这件事情一点儿也不罕见，事实上是数以千计的酒后驾车案例的典型之一。
(6)It is high time we put anend to thedeplorable practiceof foodcontamination .我们早该杜绝食品污染这种应遭谴责的做法。
(7)The most striking conclusion that can be reached when weighing the advantages and disadvantages of the new technology,such assmart phone andthe like is quite frankly prosperity.
很坦率地说，在权衡新技术(比如智能手机)时候，能得出的最显著的结论是繁荣。
( 8) The ample evidence presented enables us to reasonably conclude that the scourge of haze will be brought undercontrol in the foreseeable future.
提出的充分证据使我们能够合理地得出这样的结论：雾霾的祸害在可预见的将来就能得到控制。
(9)Today,alarge amount of tradition hasgradually disappeared,for instance stamp collecting.现在，许多传统的爱好在逐步消失，例如集邮。 2016年 12月巨献之 20个与个人成长相关的顶级表达：
1.the challenging anddemanding experience充满挑战和要求极高的经历
2.senseof fulfillment满足感
3.Self-evident不言自明
4.in compliance with遵守
5.…have the potential to boost …有潜能提升 …
6.merits and downsides利弊
7.invigorated and refreshed精力充沛，神清气爽
8.prudent慎重
9.wreak havocon对…造成损失
10.apart from…除开
11.unwavering support坚定不移的支持 12. be conducive andinstrumental to …对…有好处
13.justifiable合理
14.adesirable trait优点 15. adversity andhardship逆境和苦难
16. strive for为了 …努力
17.Aspire to dosth努力做 … 18. attainment成就
19. perseveranceand persistence坚持
行动能让我们潜在的愿望变成现实;
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