新文道考研
2016-06-10 15:55:41
Inventions and innovations almost always come out of laborious trial and error. Innovation is like soccer; even the best players miss the goal and have their shots blocked much more frequently than they score.
The point is that the players who score most are the ones who take most shots at the goal -- and so it goes with innovation in any field of activity. The prime difference between innovators and others is one of approach. Everybody gets ideas, but innovators work consciously on theirs, and they follow them through until they prove practicable or otherwise. What ordinary people see as fanciful abstractions, professional innovators see as solid possibilities.
68. According to the author, what distinguishes innovators from non-innovators?
[A] The variety of ideas they have. [B] The intelligence they possess.
[C] The way they deal with problems. [D] The way they present their findings.
昨天句子的解析：
If ambition is to be well regarded, the rewards of ambition — wealth, distinction, control over one's destiny — must be deemed worthy of the sacrifices made on ambition's behalf. If the tradition of ambition is to have vitality, it must be widely shared; and it especially must be highly regarded by people who are themselves admired, the educated not least among them.
3. In an odd way, however, it is the educated who have claimed to have give up on ambition as an ideal.
Odd: 奇怪，古怪，临时； （名词）概率
解析：
强调句还原主干为：
The educated have claimed to have have given up on ambition as an ideal.
其他成分:
In an odd way 奇怪的是，
参考译文：然而，诡异地是，正是那些受过良好教育的人声称他们已经放弃了雄心壮志这一理想。
4. What is odd is that they have perhaps most benefited from ambition — if not always their own then that of their parents and grandparents.
解析：
主干识别：What is odd is that…
表语从句：they have perhaps most benefited from ambition —
Ambition的同位语：if not always their own then that of their parents and grandparents.
参考译文：奇怪的是他们已经从雄心壮志中获益颇多了——如果不是他们自己的雄心，那也是他们父母的和祖父母的。
5. There is a heavy note of hypocrisy in this, a case of closing the barn door after the horses have escaped — with the educated themselves riding on them.
解析：
主干识别：There is a heavy note of hypocrisy in this
其他成分：a case of closing the barn door after the horses have escaped
同位语独立成句：
This is a case of closing the barn door after the horses have escaped.(这是一个比喻)
with the educated themselves riding on them.
独立主格独立成句：
The educated themselves ride on the horses.
参考译文：这其中有着浓厚的虚伪色彩，恰如马跑后再关上马厩的门那样，而受过良好教育的人自己正骑在那些马背上。
68.The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that it is ________.
[A] customary of the educated to discard ambition in words
[B] too late to check ambition once it has been let out
[C] dishonest to deny ambition after the fulfillment of the goal
[D] impractical for the educated to enjoy benefits from ambition
题干识别：一句话推理题
思路解析:
推理题从来就没有让我们推过！推理题本质上就是细节题！
暗示也从来不是暗示，从来都是明示！
问从一句话能推出什么等于问这句话所在的段落能推出什么；也就是用四个选项分别和原文的句子进行比对，哪个选项在进行同义替换就选哪个！
选项分析：
[A] customary of the educated to discard ambition in words
受过教育的人习惯在言语上放弃雄心壮志。
Customary 在文章中没有提及，这个选项属于NG（未提及选项）
[B] too late to check ambition once it has been let out
一旦雄心壮志被放出去了，在去检查就太晚了。
这是典型的中国出题人整中国考生，大家读不懂最后一句，从字面上看就是容易感觉好像是中国的成语“亡羊补牢，未为晚也”；
但是当我们真的理清楚这句话的意思以后就知道这个选项很荒诞了。
[C] dishonest to deny ambition after the fulfillment of the goal
在实现了目标以后就去否认雄心壮志是不诚实的。
第一段的345句都在讲，受教育的人从雄心壮志中获益了，而且还否认。并且从最后一句中这个重要的词汇：hypocrisy虚伪，更是对受过教育的人的行为作出了评价。Hypocrisy=dishonest
完美替换！正确答案！
[D] impractical for the educated to enjoy benefits from ambition
对于受过教育的人而言，从雄心壮志中享受利益是不切实际的事情。
这个第三句和第四句的表达是完全相反的，所以排除！
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